1746-IV16/1746-IV16 AB
1746-IV16/1746-IV16 AB
軟件測(cè)試的重要性
盡管軟件工程化管理工作對(duì)軟件質(zhì)量的保證起到至關(guān)重要的作用,但是技術(shù)人員依然心存質(zhì)疑,是否好的管理就能夠確保高可靠性的軟件。答案就在于軟件測(cè)試。軟件測(cè)試是將軟件可靠性指標(biāo)具體化的手段。從廣義上講,軟件測(cè)試是為了盡快盡早地、不斷地發(fā)現(xiàn)各種軟件缺陷而開(kāi)展的對(duì)軟件及過(guò)程產(chǎn)品的驗(yàn)證和確認(rèn)活動(dòng)。從狹義上講,軟件測(cè)試包括4類(lèi)測(cè)試:
?。?)針對(duì)軟件源代碼的靜態(tài)測(cè)試和代碼審查,確保軟件源碼符合GJB5369《航天型號(hào)C語(yǔ)言安全子集》或其他開(kāi)發(fā)語(yǔ)言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求;
(2)針對(duì)《軟件設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明》對(duì)應(yīng)的軟件模塊的單元測(cè)試和動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)試,確保軟件模塊的代碼覆蓋率達(dá)到100%;
?。?)針對(duì)《需求規(guī)格說(shuō)明》對(duì)應(yīng)的軟件功能性能的集成測(cè)試,確保軟件功能、性能、外部和內(nèi)部接口等符合要求;
?。?)針對(duì)《軟件研制任務(wù)書(shū)》對(duì)應(yīng)的軟件需求的系統(tǒng)測(cè)試或驗(yàn)收測(cè)試,確保軟硬件各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)符合用戶(hù)的驗(yàn)收要求。
在這個(gè)測(cè)試過(guò)程中,測(cè)試問(wèn)題及問(wèn)題數(shù)目、測(cè)試問(wèn)題的歸零情況、測(cè)試問(wèn)題中文檔問(wèn)題和軟件問(wèn)題的比例、階段測(cè)試的缺陷率、軟件故障等級(jí)、軟件失效概率等度量數(shù)據(jù)可以直觀(guān)地反映出軟件的可靠性狀況。因此軟件測(cè)試工作對(duì)于軟件研制起到關(guān)鍵的保障作用。
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