配件B&R Automation 5PP520.1505-00 Power Panel 500 24 VDC
配件B&R Automation 5PP520.1505-00 Power Panel 500 24 VDC
配件B&R Automation 5PP520.1505-00 Power Panel 500 24 VDC
人工智能
人工智能(AI)無疑是機(jī)器人學(xué)中令人興奮的領(lǐng)域,無疑也是有爭議的:所有人都認(rèn)為,機(jī)器人可以在裝配線上工作,但對于它是否可以具有智能則存在分歧。
就像“機(jī)器人”這個術(shù)語本身一樣,您同樣很難對“人工智能”進(jìn)行定義。*的人工智能是對人類思維過程的再現(xiàn),即一部具有人類智能的人造機(jī)器。人工智能包括學(xué)習(xí)任何知識的能力、推理能力、語言能力和形成自己的觀點(diǎn)的能力。目前機(jī)器人專家還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)無法實(shí)現(xiàn)這種水平的人工智能,但他們已經(jīng)在有限的人工智能領(lǐng)域取得了很大進(jìn)展。如今,具有人工智能的機(jī)器已經(jīng)可以模仿某些特定的智能要素。
計算機(jī)已經(jīng)具備了在有限領(lǐng)域內(nèi)解決問題的能力。用人工智能解決問題的執(zhí)行過程很復(fù)雜,但基本原理卻非常簡單。首先,人工智能機(jī)器人或計算機(jī)會通過傳感器(或人工輸入的方式)來收集關(guān)于某個情景的事實(shí)。計算機(jī)將此信息與已存儲的信息進(jìn)行比較,以確定它的含義。計算機(jī)會根據(jù)收集來的信息計算各種可能的動作,然后預(yù)測哪種動作的效果好。當(dāng)然,計算機(jī)只能解決它的程序允許它解決的問題,它不具備一般意義上的分析能力。象棋計算機(jī)就是此類機(jī)器的一個范例。
某些現(xiàn)代機(jī)器人還具備有限的學(xué)習(xí)能力。學(xué)習(xí)型機(jī)器人能夠識別某種動作(如以某種方式移動腿部)是否實(shí)現(xiàn)了所需的結(jié)果(如繞過障礙物)。機(jī)器人存儲此類信息,當(dāng)它下次遇到相同的情景時,會嘗試做出可以成功應(yīng)對的動作。同樣,現(xiàn)代計算機(jī)只能在非常有限的情景中做到這一點(diǎn)。它們無法像人類那樣收集所有類型的信息。一些機(jī)器人可以通過模仿人類的動作進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。在日本,機(jī)器人專家們向一部機(jī)器人演示舞蹈動作,讓它學(xué)會了跳舞。
有些機(jī)器人具有人際交流能力。Kismet是麻省理工學(xué)院人工智能實(shí)驗(yàn)室制作的機(jī)器人,它能識別人類的肢體語言和說話的音調(diào),并做出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)。Kismet的作者們對成人和嬰兒之間的交互方式很感興趣,他們之間的交互僅憑語調(diào)和視覺信息就能完成。這種低層次的交互方式可以作為類人學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)。
完成夢想,不一定非得要冷酷地廝殺和欺詐,有時,只要你擁有一顆愛人之心就可以了。
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