HONEYWELL DCS卡件 redundancy module TC-FTEB01
HONEYWELL DCS卡件 redundancy module TC-FTEB01
HONEYWELL DCS卡件 redundancy module TC-FTEB01
根據(jù)不同感光芯片劃分
我們知道感光芯片是攝像機(jī)的核心部件,目前攝像機(jī)常用的感光芯片有CCD和CMOS兩種:
1.CCD攝像機(jī),CCD稱(chēng)為電荷耦合器件,CCD實(shí)際上只是一個(gè)把從圖像半導(dǎo)體中出來(lái)的電子有組織地儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)的方法。
2.CMOS攝像機(jī),CMOS稱(chēng)為“互補(bǔ)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體”,CMOS實(shí)際上只是將晶體管放在硅塊上的技術(shù),沒(méi)有更多的含義。
盡管CCD表示“電荷耦合器件”而CMOS表示“互補(bǔ)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體”,但是不論CCD或者CMOS對(duì)于圖像感應(yīng)都沒(méi)有用,真正感應(yīng)的傳感器稱(chēng)做“圖像半導(dǎo)體”,CCD和CMOS傳感器實(shí)際使用的都是同一種傳感器“圖像半導(dǎo)體”,圖像半導(dǎo)體是一個(gè)P N結(jié)合半導(dǎo)體,能夠轉(zhuǎn)換光線的光子爆炸結(jié)合處成為成比例數(shù)量的電子。電子的數(shù)量被計(jì)算信號(hào)的電壓,光線進(jìn)入圖像半導(dǎo)體得越多,電子產(chǎn)生的也越多,從傳感器輸出的電壓也越高。
因?yàn)槿搜勰芸吹?Lux照度(滿(mǎn)月的夜晚)以下的目標(biāo),CCD傳感器通常能看到的照度范圍在0.1~3Lux,是CMOS傳感器感光度的3到10倍,所以目前一般CCD攝像機(jī)的圖像質(zhì)量要優(yōu)于CMOS攝像機(jī)。
CMOS可以將光敏元件、放大器、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器、存儲(chǔ)器、數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器和計(jì)算機(jī)接口控制電路集成在一塊硅片上,具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、處理功能多、速度快、耗電低、成本低等特點(diǎn)。CMOS攝像機(jī)存在成像質(zhì)量差、像敏單元尺寸小、填充率低等問(wèn)題,1989年后出現(xiàn)了“有源像敏單元”結(jié)構(gòu),不僅有光敏元件和像敏單元的尋址開(kāi)關(guān),而且還有信號(hào)放大和處理等電路,提高了光電靈敏度、減小了噪聲,擴(kuò)大了動(dòng)態(tài)范圍,使得一些參數(shù)與CCD攝像機(jī)相近,而在功能、功耗、尺寸和價(jià)格方面要優(yōu)于CCD,逐步得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。CMOS傳感器可以做得非常大并有和CCD傳感器同樣的感光度,因此非常適用于特殊應(yīng)用。CMOS傳感器不需要復(fù)雜的處理過(guò)程,直接將圖像半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)生的電子轉(zhuǎn)變成電壓信號(hào),因此就非??欤@個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)使得CMOS傳感器對(duì)于高幀攝像機(jī)非常有用,高幀速度能達(dá)到400到100000幀/秒。
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