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ouword(){var newwords;newwords = unescape(words);document.write(newwords);} ouword(); 氣動薄膜調(diào)節(jié)閥在我廠得到很廣泛的應(yīng)用,而閥門定位器作為氣動薄膜調(diào)節(jié)閥的輔助工,對調(diào)節(jié)閥的使用起著決定性作用,定位器調(diào)校質(zhì)量的壞直接影響調(diào)節(jié)閥的使用,從而會影響到的供應(yīng)操作。而閥門定位器的調(diào)校作為儀表工必須掌握的一項(xiàng)技能,掌握定位器的校驗(yàn)方法不但可保證定位器的調(diào)校質(zhì)量,而且能節(jié)省大量的工作量。但我們所常用的調(diào)校方法有時(shí)并不能起作用,很難將調(diào)節(jié)閥校準(zhǔn)。因此,我們要對常規(guī)的校驗(yàn)法進(jìn)行分析和改進(jìn),找出一種更有效的校驗(yàn)法。 1 閥門定位器的工作原理和系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) 1.1 工作原理 閥門定位器是按力矩平衡原理工作的。如正作用的氣動薄膜閥,來自調(diào)節(jié)器或輸出式安全柵的4~20ma直流信號輸入到轉(zhuǎn)換組件中的線圈時(shí),由于線圈兩側(cè)各有一塊極性方向相同的*磁鐵,所以線圈產(chǎn)生的磁場與*磁鐵的恒定磁場,共同作用在線圈中間的可動鐵芯即閥桿上,使杠桿產(chǎn)生位移。當(dāng)輸入信號增加時(shí),杠桿向下運(yùn)動(作逆時(shí)針偏轉(zhuǎn)),固定在杠桿上的擋板便靠近噴嘴,使放大器背壓增,經(jīng)放大后輸出氣壓也隨之增。此輸出氣壓作用在調(diào)節(jié)閥的膜頭上,使調(diào)節(jié)閥的閥桿向下運(yùn)動。閥桿的位移通過拉桿轉(zhuǎn)換為反饋軸和反饋壓板的角位移,并通過調(diào)量程支點(diǎn)作用于反饋彈簧上,該彈簧被拉伸,產(chǎn)生一個(gè)反饋力矩,使杠桿作順時(shí)針偏轉(zhuǎn),當(dāng)反饋力矩和電磁力矩相平衡時(shí),閥桿就穩(wěn)定于某一位置,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了閥桿位移與輸入信號電流成正比例的關(guān)系。調(diào)整調(diào)量程支點(diǎn)于適當(dāng)位置,可以滿足調(diào)節(jié)閥不同桿行程的要求。 1.2 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) 閥門定位器與閥門配套使用,組成一個(gè)閉合控制回路的系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要由磁電組件、零位彈簧、擋板、氣動功率放大器、調(diào)節(jié)閥、反饋杠桿、量程調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)、反饋彈簧組成。其系統(tǒng)方框圖如圖1所示。 圖1 閥門定位器和調(diào)節(jié)閥系統(tǒng)方框圖 i - 輸入電流; h - 調(diào)零彈簧長度; m1- 輸入電流所產(chǎn)生的電磁力矩; mo- 零位彈簧所產(chǎn)生的調(diào)零點(diǎn)力矩; mf - 反饋彈簧所產(chǎn)生的反饋力矩; h - 擋板微小位移; p - 氣動功率放大器的輸出壓力; l - 調(diào)節(jié)閥的行程 為了分析的方便,我們假設(shè)閥門定位器為線性的,則在一般情況下,各環(huán)節(jié)均可近似為線性環(huán)節(jié),那么系統(tǒng)的方框圖如圖2所示。 圖2 線性化的系統(tǒng)方框圖 ko - 零位彈簧的彈性系數(shù); k4 - 反饋彈簧的彈性系數(shù); k1,k2,k3,k5,k6,kv - 磁電組件、擋板、放大器、量程調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu)、反饋杠桿和調(diào)節(jié)閥的放大系數(shù) 由圖2可知,令: kc= k2k3kv (1) kf=k4k5k6 (2) 則l=kc(koh+k1i)/(1+ kc kf) = [kgk1/(1+kgkf)]*i+kckoh/(1+kckf) (3) 由(3)式可知:kckoh/(1+kgkf)為閥門定位器的零點(diǎn)。 2 常用定位器調(diào)校方法的分析 2.1 常用的調(diào)校方法 我們在實(shí)際工作中常使用的調(diào)校方法的步驟是: a.使閥桿位于行程中點(diǎn),調(diào)整定位器與反饋杠桿成90o角,并將螺釘固定; b.將零點(diǎn)、量程分別置于中間位置; c.輸入4ma.dc信號,使調(diào)節(jié)閥開始動作,調(diào)節(jié)零點(diǎn),使零點(diǎn)達(dá)到要求; d.輸入20ma.dc信號,看其行程是否達(dá)到要求,如沒達(dá)到,則調(diào)量程,使其達(dá)到要求; e.重復(fù)c,d兩步,使零點(diǎn)和量程均達(dá)到要求。 2.2 常用調(diào)校方法的原理 將(1),(2)式代入(3)式得: l=k2k3kv(koh+k1i)/(1+k2k3k4k5k6kv) (4) 由常用調(diào)校法的步驟c和d可知,調(diào)零點(diǎn)可改變h,調(diào)量程又會影響零點(diǎn),所以調(diào)零點(diǎn)和調(diào)量程是相互作用互相影響的。因此,調(diào)零點(diǎn)和調(diào)量程實(shí)際上就是反復(fù)湊試調(diào)零彈簧長度和量程調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu)的放大系數(shù),使零點(diǎn)和量程均符合要求的過程。 2.3 常用調(diào)校方法的不足 在通常情況下,調(diào)零彈簧工作在線性區(qū)域,其長度的變化范圍是有限的, 而調(diào)量程機(jī)構(gòu)其機(jī)械位置是受到限制的,因此調(diào)零彈簧長度和量程調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu)的放大系數(shù)的值就會受到限制,當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)閥的kv很大或很小時(shí),用常用的調(diào)校方法是不可能將定位器校準(zhǔn)的,而這種情況在我們實(shí)際工作中是經(jīng)常遇到的。所以,我們需要用其他方法來調(diào)校閥門定位器。 3 解決方法 在實(shí)際工作中有時(shí)會遇到用常用的調(diào)校方法不能校準(zhǔn)定位器,這是因?yàn)椋涸谝话闱闆r下,零位彈簧工作在線性區(qū)域,其長度變化范圍有限,調(diào)量程機(jī)構(gòu)其機(jī)械位置受到限制,所以調(diào)零彈簧長度和量程調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu)的放大系數(shù)值將會受到限制。此時(shí),如果調(diào)一臺調(diào)節(jié)閥的放大系數(shù)很大或很小的調(diào)節(jié)閥,就很難將其定位器校準(zhǔn)。即常用的調(diào)校法失效了。而由(4)式可知,我們可以調(diào)節(jié)的參數(shù)還有零位彈簧的彈性系數(shù)和反饋杠桿的有效長度,由于調(diào)零彈簧常在線性區(qū)域內(nèi)工作,所以在這里只討論通過改變反饋杠桿的有效長度來校驗(yàn)閥門定位器。我們可以將連接在閥桿上的銷釘靠近閥門定位器,這樣就將反饋杠桿的有效長度縮短,即減小,l增大,行程也增大,反之,可將反饋杠桿的有效長度增長,則其行程減小。因此,將此方法配合常用的調(diào)校法可增大行程變化范圍,易于閥門定位器的校準(zhǔn)。 用調(diào)反饋杠桿法來校準(zhǔn)閥門定位器的步驟如下: a.輸入4ma.dc信號,按常用的調(diào)零法調(diào)零點(diǎn); b.輸入20ma.dc信號,按常用調(diào)量程法調(diào)節(jié)量程; e.反復(fù)進(jìn)行a,b步; d.若零點(diǎn)、量程無法校準(zhǔn),調(diào)整閥桿上的銷釘以改變反饋杠桿的有效長度,使行程增大或減小,杠桿有效長度縮短,行程增大;反之,行程減小。 e.反復(fù)進(jìn)行以上步驟,直到零點(diǎn)、量程均達(dá)到要求即可。 4 結(jié)語 當(dāng)我們使用常用的調(diào)校方法校閥失敗時(shí),可使用這種調(diào)反饋杠桿的方法進(jìn)行校閥,它是對常用法的補(bǔ)充和完善,若兩者結(jié)合使用,可使調(diào)整范圍更大。通過實(shí)際的使用證明這種方法是*可行的。當(dāng)然閥門在正常使用的量程應(yīng)選擇常用的調(diào)校方法,而只有在特殊要求調(diào)校時(shí),才選用調(diào)反饋杠桿的方法。 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 吳勤勤 電動控制儀表及裝置.第四版 北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,1995 [2] 吳壽松 自動控制原理.第3版 北京:防工業(yè)出版社,1998 作者簡介:張章林,男,助理工程師,2000年畢業(yè)于北京石油化工學(xué)院自動化系,現(xiàn)在儀控中心從事儀表的維護(hù)管理工作。 氣動薄膜調(diào)節(jié)閥在我廠得到很廣泛的應(yīng)用,而閥門定位器作為氣動薄膜調(diào)節(jié)閥的輔助工,對調(diào)節(jié)閥的使用起著決定性作用,定位器調(diào)校質(zhì)量的壞直接影響調(diào)節(jié)閥的使用,從而會影響到的供應(yīng)操作。而閥門定位器的調(diào)校作為儀表工必須掌握的一項(xiàng)技能,掌握定位器的校驗(yàn)方法不但可保證定位器的調(diào)校質(zhì)量,而且能節(jié)省大量的工作量。但我們所常用的調(diào)校方法有時(shí)并不能起作用,很難將調(diào)節(jié)閥校準(zhǔn)。因此,我們要對常規(guī)的校驗(yàn)法進(jìn)行分析和改進(jìn),找出一種更有效的校驗(yàn)法。 1 閥門定位器的工作原理和系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) 1.1 工作原理 閥門定位器是按力矩平衡原理工作的。如正作用的氣動薄膜閥,來自調(diào)節(jié)器或輸出式安全柵的4~20ma直流信號輸入到轉(zhuǎn)換組件中的線圈時(shí),由于線圈兩側(cè)各有一塊極性方向相同的*磁鐵,所以線圈產(chǎn)生的磁場與*磁鐵的恒定磁場,共同作用在線圈中間的可動鐵芯即閥桿上,使杠桿產(chǎn)生位移。當(dāng)輸入信號增加時(shí),杠桿向下運(yùn)動(作逆時(shí)針偏轉(zhuǎn)),固定在杠桿上的擋板便靠近噴嘴,使放大器背壓增,經(jīng)放大后輸出氣壓也隨之增。此輸出氣壓作用在調(diào)節(jié)閥的膜頭上,使調(diào)節(jié)閥的閥桿向下運(yùn)動。閥桿的位移通過拉桿轉(zhuǎn)換為反饋軸和反饋壓板的角位移,并通過調(diào)量程支點(diǎn)作用于反饋彈簧上,該彈簧被拉伸,產(chǎn)生一個(gè)反饋力矩,使杠桿作順時(shí)針偏轉(zhuǎn),當(dāng)反饋力矩和電磁力矩相平衡時(shí),閥桿就穩(wěn)定于某一位置,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了閥桿位移與輸入信號電流成正比例的關(guān)系。調(diào)整調(diào)量程支點(diǎn)于適當(dāng)位置,可以滿足調(diào)節(jié)閥不同桿行程的要求。 1.2 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) 閥門定位器與閥門配套使用,組成一個(gè)閉合控制回路的系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要由磁電組件、零位彈簧、擋板、氣動功率放大器、調(diào)節(jié)閥、反饋杠桿、量程調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)、反饋彈簧組成。其系統(tǒng)方框圖如圖1所示。 圖1 閥門定位器和調(diào)節(jié)閥系統(tǒng)方框圖 i - 輸入電流; h - 調(diào)零彈簧長度; m1- 輸入電流所產(chǎn)生的電磁力矩; mo- 零位彈簧所產(chǎn)生的調(diào)零點(diǎn)力矩; mf - 反饋彈簧所產(chǎn)生的反饋力矩; h - 擋板微小位移; p - 氣動功率放大器的輸出壓力; l - 調(diào)節(jié)閥的行程 為了分析的方便,我們假設(shè)閥門定位器為線性的,則在一般情況下,各環(huán)節(jié)均可近似為線性環(huán)節(jié),那么系統(tǒng)的方框圖如圖2所示。閥門定位器|電氣轉(zhuǎn)換器專家常熟市常儀儀表有限公司 圖2 線性化的系統(tǒng)方框圖 ko - 零位彈簧的彈性系數(shù); k4 - 反饋彈簧的彈性系數(shù); k1,k2,k3,k5,k6,kv - 磁電組件、擋板、放大器、量程調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu)、反饋杠桿和調(diào)節(jié)閥的放大系數(shù) 由圖2可知,令: kc= k2k3kv (1) kf=k4k5k6 (2) 則l=kc(koh+k1i)/(1+ kc kf) = [kgk1/(1+kgkf)]*i+kckoh/(1+kckf) (3) 由(3)式可知:kckoh/(1+kgkf)為閥門定位器的零點(diǎn)。 2 常用定位器調(diào)校方法的分析 2.1 常用的調(diào)校方法 我們在實(shí)際工作中常使用的調(diào)校方法的步驟是: a.使閥桿位于行程中點(diǎn),調(diào)整定位器與反饋杠桿成90o角,并將螺釘固定; b.將零點(diǎn)、量程分別置于中間位置; c.輸入4ma.dc信號,使調(diào)節(jié)閥開始動作,調(diào)節(jié)零點(diǎn),使零點(diǎn)達(dá)到要求; d.輸入20ma.dc信號,看其行程是否達(dá)到要求,如沒達(dá)到,則調(diào)量程,使其達(dá)到要求; e.重復(fù)c,d兩步,使零點(diǎn)和量程均達(dá)到要求。 2.2 常用調(diào)校方法的原理 將(1),(2)式代入(3)式得: l=k2k3kv(koh+k1i)/(1+k2k3k4k5k6kv) (4) 由常用調(diào)校法的步驟c和d可知,調(diào)零點(diǎn)可改變h,調(diào)量程又會影響零點(diǎn),所以調(diào)零點(diǎn)和調(diào)量程是相互作用互相影響的。因此,調(diào)零點(diǎn)和調(diào)量程實(shí)際上就是反復(fù)湊試調(diào)零彈簧長度和量程調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu)的放大系數(shù),使零點(diǎn)和量程均符合要求的過程。 2.3 常用調(diào)校方法的不足 在通常情況下,調(diào)零彈簧工作在線性區(qū)域,其長度的變化范圍是有限的, 而調(diào)量程機(jī)構(gòu)其機(jī)械位置是受到限制的,因此調(diào)零彈簧長度和量程調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu)的放大系數(shù)的值就會受到限制,當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)閥的kv很大或很小時(shí),用常用的調(diào)校方法是不可能將定位器校準(zhǔn)的,而這種情況在我們實(shí)際工作中是經(jīng)常遇到的。所以,我們需要用其他方法來調(diào)校閥門定位器。 3 解決方法 閥門定位器|電氣轉(zhuǎn)換器專家常熟市常儀儀表有限公司 在實(shí)際工作中有時(shí)會遇到用常用的調(diào)校方法不能校準(zhǔn)定位器,這是因?yàn)椋涸谝话闱闆r下,零位彈簧工作在線性區(qū)域,其長度變化范圍有限,調(diào)量程機(jī)構(gòu)其機(jī)械位置受到限制,所以調(diào)零彈簧長度和量程調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu)的放大系數(shù)值將會受到限制。此時(shí),如果調(diào)一臺調(diào)節(jié)閥的放大系數(shù)很大或很小的調(diào)節(jié)閥,就很難將其定位器校準(zhǔn)。即常用的調(diào)校法失效了。而由(4)式可知,我們可以調(diào)節(jié)的參數(shù)還有零位彈簧的彈性系數(shù)和反饋杠桿的有效長度,由于調(diào)零彈簧常在線性區(qū)域內(nèi)工作,所以在這里只討論通過改變反饋杠桿的有效長度來校驗(yàn)閥門定位器。我們可以將連接在閥桿上的銷釘靠近閥門定位器,這樣就將反饋杠桿的有效長度縮短,即減小,l增大,行程也增大,反之, 可將反饋杠桿的有效長度增長,則其行程減小。因此,將此方法配合常用的調(diào)校法可增大行程變化范圍,易于閥門定位器的校準(zhǔn)。 用調(diào)反饋杠桿法來校準(zhǔn)閥門定位器的步驟如下: a.輸入4ma.dc信號,按常用的調(diào)零法調(diào)零點(diǎn); b.輸入20ma.dc信號,按常用調(diào)量程法調(diào)節(jié)量程; e.反復(fù)進(jìn)行a,b步; d.若零點(diǎn)、量程無法校準(zhǔn),調(diào)整閥桿上的銷釘以改變反饋杠桿的有效長度,使行程增大或減小,杠桿有效長度縮短,行程增大;反之,行程減小。 e.反復(fù)進(jìn)行以上步驟,直到零點(diǎn)、量程均達(dá)到要求即可。 4 結(jié)語 閥門定位器|電氣轉(zhuǎn)換器專家常熟市常儀儀表有限公司 當(dāng)我們使用常用的調(diào)校方法校閥失敗時(shí),可使用這種調(diào)反饋杠桿的方法進(jìn)行校閥,它是對常用法的補(bǔ)充和完善,若兩者結(jié)合使用,可使調(diào)整范圍更大。通過實(shí)際的使用證明這種方法是*可行的。當(dāng)然閥門在正常使用的量程應(yīng)選擇常用的調(diào)校方法,而只有在特殊要求調(diào)校時(shí),才選用調(diào)反饋杠桿的方法。 |