EC指令
電氣元件如：電磁閥、固態(tài)磁性開關(guān)、電氣比列閥、電動執(zhí)行器和控制器等等，都需要遵守EMC指令，該指令在范圍上與機(jī)械指令類似。其中，現(xiàn)在對于設(shè)備的定義為“提供給終端客戶，有具體功能的產(chǎn)品，可作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行銷售或使用”。
CETOP（歐洲液壓與氣動委員會）代表其成員發(fā)布了關(guān)于EMC指令的聲明，因?yàn)樵摌?biāo)準(zhǔn)尤其與氣動和液壓公司緊密。該定義說明：EMC指令僅適用于集成應(yīng)用線路板的氣動元件。
Electro-pneumatic components i.e. solenoid valves, solid-state cylinder autoswitches, electro-pneumatic regulators, electric actuators and controllers etc. all need to comply with the EMC directive. The directive is similar in scope to that of the Machinery directive in that now the definition of apparatus is ‘a finished product having an intrinsic function which is intended for the end user or intended for supply or taken into service as a single commercial unit’.
On behalf of it’s member companies, CETOP (Comité Européen des Transmissions Oléohydrauliques et Pneumatiques) has issued a position statement on the EMC directive as it specifically relates to Pneumatics and Hydraulics companies. This definition states that the EMC directive only applies to pneumatic components which use circuit boards incorporating “active” components. | | 對于SMC氣動產(chǎn)品來說，這種定義在范圍上過于狹隘。許多帶電氣元件的氣動產(chǎn)品都不在CETOP（歐洲液壓與氣動委員會）定義的范圍之內(nèi)。即使是在EMC指令的范圍內(nèi)，仍可能會發(fā)射電磁能或受到電磁能的影響。因此，SMC將對眾多在CETOP定義范圍之外并且含電子元件的氣動產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行CE標(biāo)記認(rèn)證。 *，即使全部由CE標(biāo)記認(rèn)證的產(chǎn)品組裝成的機(jī)械設(shè)備或系統(tǒng)，并不意味著該機(jī)械設(shè)備或者系統(tǒng)能夠在未經(jīng)測試的情況聲明自己已經(jīng)取得CE標(biāo)記認(rèn)證。但是，使用已經(jīng)獲得CE標(biāo)記的元件能大幅簡化產(chǎn)品的認(rèn)證過程。這尤其適用于后認(rèn)證工作采用技術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)檔案方式。 The position taken by SMC Pneumatics is that this interpretation is too limited in scope. Many pneumatic devices with electrical elements which fall outside the CETOP definition may still emit or be affected by electromagnetic energy within the scope of the EMC directives. SMC will therefore certificate and CE mark many pneumatic components which have an electrical content but fall outside the CETOP definition.
While it is acknowledged that building a machine or system wholly from CE marked components does not mean that the machine or system can be CE marked without final testing, the use of CE marked components can greatly simplify the process of certificating a finished product. This is particularly applicable when the Technical Construction File (TCF) route is followed for final certification. |
CE機(jī)械指令（健康與安全) CE Machinery (Health & Safety)
機(jī)械指令（關(guān)于機(jī)械 & 安全元件的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造的 “基本健康和安全要求”）
Machinery (Essential Health & Safety Requirements Relating to the Design & Construction of Machinery & Safety Components) 雖然經(jīng)過認(rèn)證的系統(tǒng)和機(jī)械，其上安裝的氣動和電氣元件也包括在這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)，但是它們作為個(gè)體就不適用該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。機(jī)械指令范圍還包括“安全元件”，在本文中按下述方式定義：“一個(gè)安全元件就是一個(gè)單獨(dú)銷售、專門設(shè)計(jì)、制造并為某項(xiàng)安全功能推向市場的元件”。 Although pneumatic & electro-pneumatic components are used in systems and on machines covered by this directive they do not individually come within it’s scope.
The scope of the Machinery Directive also includes ‘safety components’, which are defined in this context as follows:
“A safety component is a component, sold separay, specifically designed, manufactured and marketed for a safety function.”
因此，偶爾用于安全系統(tǒng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)元件，憑借其自身實(shí)力來說，其不能被劃分為安全元件。包含在安全元件范疇內(nèi)而沒有CE標(biāo)記，就必須按類型認(rèn)證，該項(xiàng)工作應(yīng)該由認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行而不是由用戶自己來鑒定。如果控制面板不包括執(zhí)行元件，其不能被劃分為機(jī)械。
Thus, standard components which happen to be used in a safety system, would not be classified as safety components in their own right. Safety components which are encompassed are not to be CE marked but conformance must be by type approval conducted by a ‘recognised body’ rather than self certification.Control panels will not be categorised as a machine provided they do not contain or include actuators. 歐盟新版機(jī)械指令2006/42/EC 將于2009年12 月29 日起生效執(zhí)行（例外：唯有可攜帶式匣帶加工機(jī)械或具有擠壓功能的加工機(jī)匣，可以到2011年6月29日才實(shí)施），取代現(xiàn)行的機(jī)械指令98/37/EC，且無緩沖過渡期。據(jù)官fang的文件，只有在12月29日之后，才能建立一份根據(jù)指令2006/42/EC的聲明。新版指令有許多差異，對銷往歐盟的機(jī)械制造商與經(jīng)銷商將造成較大影響。 新版機(jī)械指令2006/42/EC的主要變化： 新版機(jī)械指令2006/42/EC和舊版機(jī)械指令98/37/EC的主要區(qū)別在于指令的適用范圍，基本健康和安全要求，定義以及符合性評估程序和市場監(jiān)督方面。
1、新指令適用范圍增加了半成品，舉升附件等；
(a) machinery 機(jī)械設(shè)備;
(b) interchangeable equipment 可互換性設(shè)備;
(c) safety components 安全零組件;
(d) lifting accessories 升降機(jī)附件;
(e) chains, ropes and webbing 鏈條、繩索、絲網(wǎng);
(f) removable mechanical transmission devices 可拆卸的機(jī)械傳動裝置;
(g) partly completed machinery 機(jī)械半成品機(jī)械裝置.
2、新指令附錄I基本健康和安全同老指令存在一些技術(shù)差異，如噪音聲壓值80dB需標(biāo)出聲功率值；
3、新指令增加了更多術(shù)語明確的定義如半成品，制造商；
4、評估程序，新指令不在使用“storage option”模式，只接收下列中的一個(gè)模式：
(a) the procedure for assessment of conformity with internal checks on the manufacture of machinery, provided for in Annex VIII 自我宣告;
(b) the EC type-examination procedure provided for in Annex IX, plus the internal checks on the manufacture of machinery provided for in Annex VIII, point 3 EC 型式驗(yàn)證;
(c) the full quality assurance procedure provided for in Annex X 全面質(zhì)量保證模試.
5、機(jī)械指令2006/42/EC對于附錄四（Annex IV）中危險(xiǎn)機(jī)械的產(chǎn)品清單進(jìn)行了更新，在98/37/EC指令中17種危險(xiǎn)機(jī)械的基礎(chǔ)上增加到23種；同時(shí)對于98/37/EC Annex IV part B部分的安全機(jī)械部件，在2006/42/EC中單獨(dú)以附錄五（Annex V）的形式列出，由原來的5個(gè)安全部件增加到17類產(chǎn)品，通過更新目錄及限制進(jìn)入歐盟市場進(jìn)行控制。
6、新指令要求半成品投入市場需達(dá)到以下要求并隨同半成品一起提供直到成品完成：
(a) the relevant technical documentation described in Annex VII, part B is prepared 編制附錄VII B的技術(shù)文件;
(b) assembly instructions described in Annex VI are prepared 附錄VI描述的裝配說明書;
(c) a declaration of incorporation described in Annex II, part 1, Section B has been drawn up 宣告.
7、加強(qiáng)了市場監(jiān)督力度：
由于目前不合法的CE證書或宣告太多，許多帶有CE標(biāo)志的機(jī)械產(chǎn)品并沒有達(dá)到相關(guān)歐盟指令的要求，新版機(jī)械指令加強(qiáng)市場監(jiān)督力度。不論是歐盟各國的制造商，還是外國所制造而銷往歐盟境內(nèi)的機(jī)械制造商，為了方便歐盟CE監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)的監(jiān)督工作有效進(jìn)行，新版機(jī)械指令規(guī)定：在制造商的宣告文件中必須要有制造商授權(quán)編制整套TCF技術(shù)文件的負(fù)責(zé)人名稱及聯(lián)絡(luò)地址，并且此人必須被確定在歐盟境內(nèi)。（原文：The EC declaration of conformity must contain the following particulars: name and address of the person authorised to compile the technical file, who must be established in the Community。） 也就是說，一但歐盟CE監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)CE證書或宣告存在虛假跡象，機(jī)械產(chǎn)品沒有達(dá)到相關(guān)歐盟指令的要求或機(jī)械產(chǎn)品出現(xiàn)了安全事故時(shí)，他們能夠立即在歐盟境內(nèi)到此負(fù)責(zé)人，此人代表制造商與歐盟當(dāng)局處理CE相關(guān)事宜。 新版機(jī)械指令2006/42/EC已公布的新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： 歐盟委員會已委派歐洲電工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化委員會（CENELEC）發(fā)展新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以確?，F(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以按照新版機(jī)械指令2006/42/EC查驗(yàn)并做必要的改編。此外，所有協(xié)調(diào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)必須包含對新指令的一個(gè)參照。具體請查看附件2006/42/EC指令下已公布的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，新指令協(xié) | 
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