| 1 Scope: 1.1This procedure is compliance with the requirements of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section Ⅴ. 1.2 This procedure establishes the process for controlling the film processing to produce a satisfactory radiograph. 2 Qualification of Examination Personnel Any persons engaged in this examination shall be qualified as radiographic examiner in accordance with the Written Practice for the Training, Examination and Qualification of NDE Personnel. 3 Automatic Processing Film characteristics must be compatible with processing conditions. It is essential that the recommendations of the film processor, and chemical manufacturers be followed. 4 Manual Processing 4.1 Film and chemical manufacturers should be consulted for detailed recommendations on manual film processing. 4.2 Preparation No more film should be processed than can be accommodated with a minimum separation of 20mm. Hangers are loaded and solutions stirred before starting development. 4.3 Start of Development Start the timer and place the films into the developer tank. Sep a rate to a minimum distance of 20mm and agitate in two directions for about 15 s. 4.4 Development Normal development is 5 to 8 min. at 68 °F（ 20 ℃） . The manufacturer's recommendation should be followed in choosing a development time. Consult manufacturer recommended development time versus temperature charts. Other recommendations of the manufacturer to be followed are replenishment rates, renewal of solutions, and other specific instructions. 4.5 Agitation Shake the film horizontally and vertically, ideally for a few seconds each minute during development. This will help film develop evenly. 4.6 Stop Bath or Rinse After development is complete, the activity of developer remaining in the emulsion should be neutralized by an acid stop bath or, if this is not possible, by rinsing with vigorous agitation in clear water. Follow the film manufacturer's recommendation of stop bath composition（or length of alternative rinse）, time immersed, and lift of bath. 4.7 Fixing The films must not touch one another in the fixer. Agitate the hangers vertically for about 10 s and again at the end f the first minute, to ensure uniform and rapid fixation. Keep them in the fixer until fixation is complete （that is at least twice the clearing time）, but not more than 15 min. In relatively fresh | 1 范圍 1.1此規(guī)程根據(jù)ＡＳＭＥ鍋爐和壓力容器規(guī)范第Ⅴ卷要求而制定。 1.2 此規(guī)程建立一個(gè)控制膠片處理的“工藝”以獲得滿(mǎn)意的底片。 2 人員資格 任何從事射線(xiàn)探傷的人員必須按照《無(wú)損人員培訓(xùn)、考試和資格認(rèn)命的實(shí)施細(xì)則》進(jìn)行資格考核評(píng)定。 3 自動(dòng)化處理 根據(jù)膠片的特征選擇處理?xiàng)l件，必需采納自動(dòng)洗片廠(chǎng)家的建議。 4 手工處理 4.1有關(guān)膠片的手工處理的具體實(shí)施應(yīng)該遵照膠片及化學(xué)藥品制造廠(chǎng)商的建議。 4.2準(zhǔn)備 將膠片裝到掛片夾上并在開(kāi)始顯影之前攪動(dòng)溶液。 4.3開(kāi)始顯影 啟動(dòng)計(jì)時(shí)器并將膠片浸入顯影液中，膠片間隔至少為1/2in 的距離，并不斷將顯影夾上下移動(dòng)大約15S。 4.4顯影 正常顯影在６８°Ｆ（２０℃）時(shí)為５～８分鐘，在選擇顯影時(shí)間時(shí)應(yīng)遵循生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)的推薦，此外，應(yīng)參考制造廠(chǎng)推薦的顯影時(shí)間和溫度關(guān)系表，其它應(yīng)遵循制造廠(chǎng)推薦的內(nèi)容為補(bǔ)液率、溶液的更換，以及其它特殊的說(shuō)明。 4.5攪動(dòng) 在顯影過(guò)程中，一分鐘內(nèi)將膠片作水平和垂直方向攪動(dòng)數(shù)秒鐘，這有助于膠片均勻顯影。 4.6停顯或漂洗 在顯影結(jié)束后，應(yīng)用酸性停顯液來(lái)中和顯影劑的活性，如果不能用停顯液，則可通過(guò)有清水中將膠片強(qiáng)有力拌動(dòng)來(lái)進(jìn)行漂洗，停顯液的成份（或漂洗時(shí)間）膠片的浸漬時(shí)間以及停顯液的的使用期限等，均應(yīng)遵照膠片生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)的推薦。 4.7定影 膠片在定影液中不得互相接觸，為保證均勻而快速的定影，膠片在剛浸定影液時(shí)，以及在*分鐘末，均應(yīng)做上下方向的攪動(dòng)，約１０秒鐘，以確保均勻迅速的定影，然后讓其在定影液中浸漬到定影結(jié)（其時(shí)間至少為達(dá)到底片透明所需時(shí)間的兩倍）但在 |
| fixer. Frequent agitation will shorten the time of fixation. 4.8 Fixer Neutralizing The use of a HUPO eliminator or fixer neutralizer between fixation and washing may be advantageous. The recommendations of the manufacturers as to preparation, use, and useful lift of the baths should be observed rigorously. 4.9 Washing Washing is very slow below 60 °F （ 16 ℃） . When washing at temperatures above 85°F （30℃）, care should be exercised not to leave films in the water too long. The films should be washed in batches without contamination from new film brought over from the fixer. 4.9.1 The cascade method of washing uses less water and gives better washing for the same length of time. Divide the wash tank into two sections （may be two tanks）. Put the films from the fixer in the outlet section. After partial washing, move the batch of film to the inlet section. This comletes the wash in fresh water. 4.9.2 For specific washing recommendations, consult the film manufacturer. 4.10 Wetting Agent Dip the film for approximay 30 s in a wetting agent. This markers water drain evenly off film which facilitates quick, even drying. 4.11 Residual Fixer Concentrations If the fixing chemicals are not removed adequay from the film, they will in time cause staining or fading of the developed image. Residual fixer concentations permissible depend upon whether the films are to be kept for commercial purposes （3 to 10 years） or must be of archival quality. The method of determining residual fixer concentrations may be ascertained by reference to ANSI PH4.8, PH1.28, and PH1.41. 4.12 Drying Manual drying can vary from still air drying at ambient temperature to as high as 140°F （60℃） with air circulated by a fan. Film manufacturers should again be contacted for recommended drying conditions. Take precaution to tighten film on hangers, so that it cannot touch in the dryer. Too hot a drying temperature at low humidity can result in unever drying and should be avoided. | 較新鮮的定影液中，不得超過(guò)１５分鐘，經(jīng)常攪動(dòng)膠片可以縮短定影時(shí)間。 4.8定影液的中和 在定影和沖水之間，使用海波凈化劑或定影液中和劑可能會(huì)有好處，對(duì)制造廠(chǎng)推薦的試劑配制，使用以及使用期限等應(yīng)嚴(yán)加注意。 4.9水洗 一般在６０°Ｆ（１６℃）以下時(shí)沖洗是很緩慢的,在溫度８５°Ｆ（３０℃）以上沖洗時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)注意膠片在水中時(shí)間不能太長(zhǎng)，膠片應(yīng)分批沖洗，不能有新從定影液中取出的膠片，以免污染。 4.9.1 分級(jí)沖洗法所需的水量較少，并在同樣的沖洗時(shí)間里能達(dá)到較好的沖洗效果。把沖洗槽分為兩個(gè)部分（也可用兩個(gè)水槽），把從定影液中取出的膠片放在出水口部分，經(jīng)過(guò)部分沖洗后，把膠片移到進(jìn)水口部分，從而在新鮮水中完成沖洗。 4.9.2 有關(guān)特殊的沖洗推薦方法應(yīng)征詢(xún)膠片制造廠(chǎng)。 4.9.3 水洗的有效性可以用ANSTPH4.8操作方法E94中所述的處理殘留化學(xué)物質(zhì)試驗(yàn)來(lái)檢查。 4.10潤(rùn)濕劑 把膠片浸入潤(rùn)濕劑中約３０秒鐘，可以使水從膠片上均勻流下，易于干燥得快速、均勻。 4.12 干燥 手工干燥可以從環(huán)境溫度的靜止空氣直到高達(dá)140°F（60℃）的鼓風(fēng)機(jī)循環(huán)空氣下進(jìn)行干燥,對(duì)膠片的干燥條件也應(yīng)參照膠片制造廠(chǎng)推薦,要注意在掛夾上繃緊膠片，防止在干燥器中接觸，低濕度下過(guò)高的干燥溫度會(huì)引起不均勻的干燥，是應(yīng)當(dāng)避免的。 |
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