Average-Reading Portable Wattmeter
Designed especially for RF power measurement in PCS, cellular, ESMR, paging and similar communication systems
Equally effective for measuring RF power in conventional analog systems
Uses APM-series plug-in elements to cover a wide range of frequency and power levels. Simple Thruline® style operation for instant forward or reflected power readings
Interchangeable QC connectors for fast hook-up
The Model APM-16 RF wattmeter is designed to keep pace with the ever growing complexity of digitally-based communication systems. Bird's Model 43 and most other wattcmeters available today were designed to measure power of constant amplitude, sinusoidal waveforms. Modern wireless communication systems can use a variety of digital techniques to combine many voice data channels into a complex, composite RF signal. Measurement of such signals with a conventional wattmeter may yield unacceptable errors. The APM-16 employs active circuitry to deliver accuracy of ± 5% for multiple-access technologies such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA and other digitally-encoded communication systems.
Accuracy: | 10° to 35° C ±4% reading, ±1% full scale, –20° to 50° C ±6% reading, ±2% full scale |
Battery: | Internal 9 volt |
Connector: | QC type (Female N normally supplied) |
Frequency Range: | 2 MHz to 2.3 GHz |
Humidity: | 95% ±5% max. (noncondensing) |
Insertion VSWR: | (with N connector) 1.05 max. to 1000 MHz |
Meter: | Shock mounted, linear scale with expanded scales of 25, 50 and 100 for full scale 1 to 1000 W readings. Mirrored scale includes 5% overrange. |
Nominal Size: | 6 7/8" H x 5 1/8" W x 3 5/8" D, (175 mm x 130 mm x 92 mm) |
Peak/Average Ratio: | In excess of 10 dB |
Power Range: | 1 W to 1000 W |
Setting Time: | < 1 second |
Temperature Range: | –20° to 50° C operating; –25° to 65° C storage |
Weight: | 3 lbs. (1.4 kg) |
APM-16射頻功率表|射頻功率計(jì)探頭選型表
APM-16 Elements - 7/8" Line Section | |||||||||||
| Frequency Bands (MHz) | ||||||||||
Power Range | 2-30 | 25-60 | 50-125 | 100-250 | 200-500 | 400-1000 | 950-1260 | 1100-1800 | 1700-1990 | 1990-2200 | 2000-2300 |
1 W | - | - | APM-1B | APM-1C | - | APM-1E | APM-1J | - | APM-1L1 | APM-1L2 | APM-1M |
2.5 W | - | - | APM-2.5B | - | APM--2.5D | APM-2.5E | APM-2.5J | APM-2.5K | APM-2.5L1 | APM-2.5L2 | - |
5 W | APM-5H | APM-5A | APM-5B | APM-5C | APM-5D | APM-5E | APM-5J | APM-5K | APM-5L1 | APM-5L2 | - |
10 W | APM-10H | APM-10A | APM-10B | APM-10C | APM-10D | APM-10E | APM-10J | APM-10K | APM-10L1 | APM-10L2 | - |
25 W | - | - | APM-25B | APM-25C | APM-25D | APM-25E | - | APM-25K | APM-25L1 | APM-25L2 | - |
50 W | - | - | - | APM-50C | APM-50D | APM-50E | APM-50J | APM-50K | APM-50L1 | APM-50L2 | - |
100 W | APM-100H | APM-100A | APM-100B | APM-100C | APM-100D | APM-100E | APM-100J | - | APM-100L1 | - | - |
250 W | APM-250H | APM-250A | APM-250B | APM-250C | APM-250D | APM-250E | - | - | - | - | - |
500 W | APM-500H | _ | APM-500B | APM-500C | APM-500D | APM-500E | - | - | - | - | - |
1000 W | APM-1000H | _ | APM-1000B | APM-1000C | _ | APM-1000E | - | - | - | - | - |
如何使用駐波比表
BV3FG 若以功率的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看 駐波比可以表示為:
SWR = (√Po + √Pr)/(√Po - √Pr)
Po:進(jìn)入天線系統(tǒng)的功率 Pr:從天線系統(tǒng)反射回來(lái)的功率
經(jīng)過(guò)運(yùn)算 SWR 與 Pr/Po (反射功率百分比)的關(guān)系如下:
Pr/Po = [(SWR-1)/(SWR+1)]^2
駐波比表基本上就是功率表。它可以量測(cè)輸入功率及反射功率。但根據(jù)上式,不管輸入功率為何,反射功率一定和輸入功率成一定的比例。也就是說(shuō),對(duì)同一駐波比,不管輸入功率為何,只要是在量輸入功率時(shí)利用可變電阻調(diào)整驅(qū)動(dòng)表頭的電流使指針達(dá)到滿刻度。那麼你量測(cè)反射功率時(shí),指針一定是指在同一個(gè)位置。把這些相關(guān)位置標(biāo)出來(lái),我們的功率表上就多了一排刻度,叫做"駐波比",而您的功率表馬上搖身一變成為"駐波比表"了。
說(shuō)穿了,駐波比表就是功率表。在量測(cè)功率時(shí)它預(yù)設(shè)了幾組功率(如5W,20W,200W)使輸入功率恰好是這個(gè)位準(zhǔn)時(shí)(5W, 20W, 200W),指針會(huì)達(dá)到滿刻度。當(dāng)你撥在CAL位置時(shí)就是量輸入功率,只不過(guò)你可以調(diào)整指針位置。當(dāng)你撥在SWR位置時(shí)就是量反射功率,只不過(guò)您這時(shí)候看的是SWR的刻度。
以DIAMOND系列的駐波比表而言,它有一個(gè) Calibration 旋鈕及三個(gè)選擇開(kāi)關(guān):Power Range,F(xiàn)unc,F(xiàn)WD/REF SWITCH。用法如下。
量輸入功率:
1.將 POWER RANGE 撥到200W,F(xiàn)UNC 撥到PWR,F(xiàn)WD/REF 撥到FWD;
2.按下無(wú)線電機(jī)的發(fā)射鍵;
3.適度選擇 POWER RANGE 以**讀出功率。
量反射功率:
1.將 POWER RANGE 撥到200W, FUNC 撥到PWR, FWD/REF 撥到REF;
2.按下無(wú)線電機(jī)的發(fā)射鍵;
3.適度選擇 POWER RANGE 以**讀出功率。
量駐波比:
1.將 FUNC 撥到CAL 位置,CALIBRATION 旋鈕反時(shí)針?lè)较蛐D(zhuǎn)到底;
2.按下無(wú)線電機(jī)的發(fā)射鍵,調(diào)整 CALIBRATION旋鈕使指針達(dá)到滿刻度;
3.將 FUNC 撥到 SWR 位置,由表頭的 SWR 刻度讀出駐波比的讀值。
使用駐波比表量測(cè)天線的駐波比時(shí)要盡量將駐波比表靠近天線端,因?yàn)閭鬏斁€的傳輸損耗會(huì)使得所量出來(lái)的駐波比數(shù)值較小,變成 "快樂(lè)駐波比"。例如,原本天線的駐波比為 1.92 (反射功率百分比為10%),現(xiàn)在加上一段 cable 衰減量為 3dB,假設(shè)無(wú)線電機(jī)的發(fā)射功率為10W,則經(jīng)由 CABLE 傳到天線的輸入端時(shí)只剩下5W,然後反射10% 即 0.5W,0.5W 經(jīng)由傳輸線送回來(lái)只剩下0.25W,所以駐波比量到的是輸入 10W,反射 0.25W,反射功率百分比為 2.5%,即 SWR=1.03 量起來(lái)真是快樂(lè)的不得了。
此外,目前大部份的駐波比表都是利用感應(yīng)的方式將信號(hào)感應(yīng)到駐波比表內(nèi)的量測(cè)電路,所以在量測(cè)時(shí)可以一邊發(fā)射一邊切換駐波比表上的開(kāi)關(guān),這并不會(huì)損壞無(wú)線電機(jī)。如果小心一點(diǎn),不要讓指針?biāo)查g打到底。駐波比表要壞掉也蠻難的。
*後提醒一點(diǎn),天線的好壞不能單看駐波比。現(xiàn)在大家如此迷信駐波比的原因很簡(jiǎn)單,因?yàn)轳v波比表到處都買(mǎi)得到。我的意思是說(shuō),不要因?yàn)樘炀€駐波比很低就覺(jué)得一切OK而沾沾自喜,多研究天線的其它特性才是真正的樂(lè)趣.
美國(guó)鳥(niǎo)牌(Bird)射頻功率計(jì)(RF功率表)選型一覽
功率計(jì)型號(hào) | 43 | 4304A | 4391A | 4410 | APM16 | 4305 | 4431 | 4314B | 4308 | 500/5010 | |
頻率段(MHz) | 功率段 | ||||||||||
2-30 | 50W-10KW | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
25-60 | 50W-1KW | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
50-125 | 25W-1KW | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
100-250 | 25W-1KW | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
200-500 | 25W-500W | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
400-960 | 10W-500W | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
950-1260 | 5W-250W | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||
1100-1800 | 1W-50W | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||
1700-1990 | 1W-50W | √ | √ | ||||||||
1990-2200 | 1W-50W | √ | √ | √ | |||||||
2200-2300 | 1W-25W | √ | √ | ||||||||
2400-2500 | 1W-25W | √ | √ | ||||||||
2600-2700 | 1W-25W | √ | √ | ||||||||
3400-3500 | 1W-10W | √ | √ | ||||||||
3500-3600 | 1W-10W | √ | √ |